Codes and Frequencies
Description
DRINKWTRTYPE indicates whether the household's main source of drinking water is an improved or unimproved water source. Improved water sources are those that, by nature of their construction or through active intervention, are likely to be protected from outside contamination; for example, with fecal matter.
As outlined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP), the following types of drinking water sources are said to be improved:
- Piped water into dwelling, plot, or yard
- Public tap/standpipe
- Tubewell/borehole
- Protected dug well
- Protected spring
- Rainwater collection
- Bottled water/sachet water*
The following types of water sources are said to be unimproved:
- Unprotected dug well
- Unprotected spring
- Cart with small tank/drum
- Tanker-truck
- Surface water (river, dam, lake, pond, stream, canal, irrigation channels)
* The JMP's classification of packaged water i.e., from a bottled or sachet, has changed over time. Initially, bottled/sachet water was considered to be an improved source of drinking water only if the household also used an improved source of water for non-drinking purposes. However, packaged water is now considered by JMP to be an improved source for drinking water, regardless of the water source used for non-drinking purposes. Some samples do not conform to this classification standard; see Comparability.
The question associated with this variable was included in the household questionnaire.
Comparability — Index
|
GENERAL Burkina Faso |
Congo (Democratic Republic) Ethiopia |
India Niger |
Comparability
There is some variability in the way bottled and sachet water are classified across samples. Most commonly, these water sources are treated as improved sources of water. Samples that diverge from this convention are noted below.
Comparability — Burkina Faso [top]
In the Round 2 survey, bottled water is considered to be an unimproved source of water and sachet water is considered to be improved.
Comparability — Congo (Democratic Republic) [top]
In the Round 2 survey, bottled water is considered to be an unimproved source of water and sachet water is considered to be improved.
In all subsequent rounds, both bottled water and sachet water are considered to be improved water sources.
Comparability — Ethiopia [top]
In the Round 2 and 3 surveys, bottled water is always considered to be an unimproved source of water. Sachet water is considered to be an improved source of drinking water only if the household also used an improved source of water for non-drinking purposes.
Comparability — India [top]
In the Round 1 survey, bottled water is considered to be an improved source of drinking water only if the household also used an improved source of water for non-drinking purposes.
Comparability — Niger [top]
In the Round 2 Lagos survey, bottled water is always considered to be an unimproved source of water. Sachet water is considered to be an improved source of drinking water only if the household also used an improved source of water for non-drinking purposes.
In the Round 3 survey, sachet water is always considered to be an unimproved source of water. Bottled water is considered to be an improved source of drinking water only if the household also used an improved source of water for non-drinking purposes.
Universe
- Burkina Faso 2014 Round 1 Female and Household: All persons.
- Burkina Faso 2015 Round 2 Female and Household: All persons.
- Burkina Faso 2016 Round 4 Female and Household: All persons.
- Burkina Faso 2016 Round 3 Female and Household: All persons.
- Burkina Faso 2017 Round 5 Female and Household: All persons.
- Burkina Faso 2018 Round 6 Female and Household: All persons.
- Congo Democratic Republic (Kinshasa) 2014 Round 2 Female and Household: All persons.
- Congo Democratic Republic (Kongo Central) 2015 Round 4 Female and Household: All persons.
- Congo Democratic Republic (Kinshasa) 2015 Round 4 Female and Household: All persons.
- Congo Democratic Republic (Kinshasa) 2015 Round 3 Female and Household: All persons.
- Congo Democratic Republic (Kongo Central) 2016 Round 5 Female and Household: All persons.
- Congo Democratic Republic (Kinshasa) 2016 Round 5 Female and Household: All persons.
- Congo Democratic Republic (Kinshasa) 2017 Round 6 Female and Household: All persons.
- Congo Democratic Republic (Kongo Central) 2017 Round 6 Female and Household: All persons.
- Congo Democratic Republic (Kongo Central) 2018 Round 7 Female and Household: All persons.
- Congo Democratic Republic (Kinshasa) 2018 Round 7 Female and Household: All persons.
- Cote D'Ivoire 2017 Round 1 Female and Household: All persons.
- Cote D'Ivoire 2018 Round 2 Female and Household: All persons.
- Ethiopia 2014 Round 1 Female and Household: All persons.
- Ethiopia 2014 Round 2 Female and Household: All persons.
- Ethiopia 2015 Round 3 Female and Household: All persons.
- Ethiopia 2016 Round 4 Female and Household: All persons.
- Ethiopia 2017 Round 5 Female and Household: All persons.
- Ethiopia 2018 Round 6 Female and Household: All persons.
- Ethiopia 2019 PMAET Female and Household: All persons.
- Ethiopia 2021 Female and Household: All persons.
- Ghana 2013 Round 1 Female and Household: All persons.
- Ghana 2014 Round 2 Female and Household: All persons.
- Ghana 2014 Round 3 Female and Household: All persons.
- Ghana 2015 Round 4 Female and Household: All persons.
- Ghana 2016 Round 5 Female and Household: All persons.
- Ghana 2017 Round 6 Female and Household: All persons.
- India 2016 (Rajasthan) Round 1 Female and Household: All persons.
- India 2017 (Rajasthan) Round 3 Female and Household: All persons.
- India 2017 (Rajasthan) Round 2 Female and Household: All persons.
- India 2018 (Rajasthan) Round 4 Female and Household: All persons.
- Indonesia 2015 Round 1 Female and Household: All persons.
- Indonesia 2016 Round 2 Female and Household: All persons.
- Kenya 2014 Round 2 Female and Household: All persons.
- Kenya 2014 Round 1 Female and Household: All persons.
- Kenya 2015 Round 3 Female and Household: All persons.
- Kenya 2015 Round 4 Female and Household: All persons.
- Kenya 2016 Round 5 Female and Household: All persons.
- Kenya 2017 Round 6 Female and Household: All persons.
- Kenya 2018 Round 7 Female and Household: All persons.
- Niger 2015 (Niamey) Round 1 Female and Household: All persons.
- Niger 2016 Round 2 Female and Household: All persons.
- Niger 2016 (Niamey) Round 3 Female and Household: All persons.
- Niger 2017 Round 4 Female and Household: All persons.
- Niger 2018 Round 5 Female and Household: All persons.
- Nigeria 2014 (Kaduna) Round 1 Female and Household: All persons.
- Nigeria 2014 (Lagos) Round 1 Female and Household: All persons.
- Nigeria 2015 (Kaduna) Round 2 Female and Household: All persons.
- Nigeria 2015 (Lagos) Round 2 Female and Household: All persons.
- Nigeria 2016 Round 3 Female and Household: All persons.
- Nigeria 2017 Round 4 Female and Household: All persons.
- Nigeria 2017 (Oyo) Round 1 Female and Household: All persons.
- Nigeria 2018 Round 5 Female and Household: All persons.
- Uganda 2014 Round 1 Female and Household: All persons.
- Uganda 2015 Round 3 Female and Household: All persons.
- Uganda 2015 Round 2 Female and Household: All persons.
- Uganda 2016 Round 4 Female and Household: All persons.
- Uganda 2017 Round 5 Female and Household: All persons.
- Uganda 2018 Round 6 Female and Household: All persons.
- Uganda 2019 Female and Household (R6 Follow up): All persons.
Availability
- Burkina Faso: 2014-2018
- Congo (Democratic Republic): 2014-2018
- Cote d'Ivoire: 2017-2018
- Ethiopia: 2014-2019, 2021
- Ghana: 2013-2017
- India: 2016-2018
- Indonesia: 2015-2016
- Kenya: 2014-2018
- Niger: 2015-2018
- Nigeria: 2014-2018
- Uganda: 2014-2019
