Comparability — Burkina Faso [top]

Burkina Faso 2014 Round 1, 2016 Round3 and Round 4, and the 2020 female COVID-19 phone surveys ask whether the respondent's household has a place to wash hands, not distinguishing between fixed places and movable containers.

Burkina Faso 2017 Round 5, 2018 Round 6, 2021 Phase 2, and 2022 Phase 3 surveys distinguish not only between fixed and mobile handwashing places, but also with whether the place was not observed and the reason why it was not observed.

Comparability — Congo (Democratic Republic) [top]

DR Congo 2013 Round 1, 2014 Round 2, 2016 Round 5, 2017 Round 6, and 2020 female COVID-19 phone surveys ask whether the respondent's household has a place to wash hands, not distinguishing between fixed places and movable containers.

DR Congo 2018 Round 7 surveys distinguish not only between fixed and mobile handwashing places, but also with whether the place was not observed and the reason why it was not observed.

Comparability — Ethiopia [top]

Ethiopia 2014 Round 1 and Round 2, 2015 Round 3, and 2017 Round 5 surveys ask about whether the respondent's household has a place to wash hands, not distinguishing between fixed places and movable containers.

Comparability — Ghana [top]

Ghana 2014 Round 1, 2016 Round 5, and 2017 Round 6 surveys ask about whether the respondent's household has a place to wash hands, not distinguishing between fixed places and movable containers.

Comparability — Indonesia [top]

Indonesia 2015 Round 1 asks about whether the respondent's household has a place to wash hands, not distinguishing between fixed places and movable containers.

Comparability — Kenya [top]

Kenya 2014 Round 1, Round 2, and 2020 female COVID-19 phone surveys ask whether the respondent's household has a place to wash hands, not distinguishing between fixed places and movable containers.

Kenya 2017 Round 6 and 2018 Round 7 surveys distinguish not only between fixed and mobile handwashing places, but also with whether the place was not observed and the reason why it was not observed.

Comparability — Niger [top]

Niger 2015 Round 1, 2016 Round 2, and 2018 Round 5 surveys ask whether the respondent's household has a place to wash hands, not distinguishing between fixed places and movable containers.

Comparability — Nigeria [top]

Nigeria 2014 Round 1 and Round 2, 2015 Round 1 and Round 2, and 2020 female COVID-19 phone surveys ask whether the respondent's household has a place to wash hands, not distinguishing between fixed places and movable containers.

Nigeria 2017 Round 1 (Oyo), 2018 Round 5, and 2022 Phase 2 surveys distinguish not only between fixed and mobile handwashing places, but also with whether the place was not observed and the reason why it was not observed.

Comparability — Uganda [top]

Uganda 2014 Round 1 and 2015 Round 1 surveys ask whether the respondent's household has a place to wash hands, not distinguishing between fixed places and movable containers.

Uganda 2018 Round 6, and 2021 Phase 2 surveys distinguish not only between fixed and mobile handwashing places, but also with whether the place was not observed and the reason why it was not observed.

HANDWASHPL in IPUMS-PMA is similar to the variable HANDWASHPL in IPUMS-DHS. There may be differences in questionnaire text or the variable's universe; see the Survey Text and Universe Tab of the IPUMS-DHS variable for more information.